December 29, 2013

What a year! 2013 was the best performing year for the portfolio since its inception. The last two quarterly blogs were delayed as I am always willing to defer the writing of quarterly blogs in favor of spending the time required for an existing investment in the portfolio or for the analysis of a promising new investment. As a result, these blogs occasionally get delayed, particularly, as one might expect, in a year as interesting as 2013. The Spotlight have change to the Potential Move in Long-Term Interest Rates as opposed to the Eurozone crisis and China’s hard landing.

On risk adjusted basis the portfolio outperformed all its benchmark for 2013, even more satisfying the portfolio has never experienced a down quarter since inception and has adequate hedging in place for any black swan events.

 

Portfolio Update

During July 2013, I established and added to positions in all of the major Canadian Banks. Canadian Banks hit a 52 week low during the beginning of July as increases in longer-term bond yields have led to many questions around the potential impact of higher interest rates on financial services companies. I believe that the profitability of both banks and lifecos would benefit from a higher interest rate environment for reasons that are both direct and indirect, assuming that higher interest rates are experienced across the term structure and reflect an improved economic outlook.

 

Higher interest rates impact on Banks and Lifecos

I added to Canadian Banks as I do not believe that either sector is positioned to benefit materially more than the other from such a scenario. Lifecos used to be much more exposed than banks to movements in macro factors, but have greatly reduced their exposures, to the benefit of their earnings volatility. I do not believe that the larger banks are positioned materially differently from one another, but banks will continue to increase their dividends annually as opposed to Lifecos.

Banks would benefit from a higher interest rate environment for reasons that are both direct and indirect, assuming that higher interest rates are the result of a stronger economic outlook. Direct positive impacts would include improved net interest income margins and reduced defined benefit liabilities. Indirect impacts would include higher wealth management and capital markets revenues, loan growth and credit quality. Banks are most exposed to short-term to medium-term (i.e. 5 years) interest rates, and an increase in the interest rates they are exposed to, if it materialized, would impact net interest income margins over a multi-year period rather than immediately.

While it is difficult to determine how much margin upside there might be to a higher interest rate environment, I believe that the banks that would see the largest increase in net income from higher net interest income margins (i.e.ignoring indirect impacts) are those with more exposure to retail banking and weaker efficiency ratios. The two smaller banks (Canadian Western Bank and Laurentian Bank) would benefit more than the larger banks.

Paychex

 

The top performer for the portfolio this year was Paychex, up over 50% year to date. Paychex provides payroll and integrated human resource and employee benefits solutions predominantly for small and mid-sized businesses almost entirely in the United States. The firm has 12,500 employees and is based in Rochester, N.Y. and was formed through the consolidation of 17 payroll processing companies in 1979. It has been one of the most successful human resources outsourcing firms in the United States. The minimal amount of capital required for operations and the firm's significant competitive advantages have allowed it to produce returns on invested capital that have averaged 70% over the past 10 years. 

Switching from one payroll processing vendor to another is a very difficult task, and customers' unwillingness to do so has allowed Paychex to build a relatively sticky client base. This inelasticity has enabled the firm to raise prices annually and expand profits. Strong scalability has also allowed the firm to be price competitive without feeling significant margin pressure.

Upside scenario

Upside potential assumes acceleration in revenue growth driven by 1) improving US labor markets, 2) a higher interest rate environment, both of which are well underway in the United States.

Outlook 2014:

It seems like we’ve been talking about the low-return world forever, but it keeps getting delayed. Low returns didn’t materialize in 2013, and U.S. equity markets are trading at fairly full valuations. I still think risk will be rewarded and well-structured portfolios can achieve realistic investment goals. 2014 will begin as 2013 did with the added twist that the Fed seems set to begin the process of withdrawing from money printing during the year. We can’t be sure of the consequences, but extra volatility seems a good bet.

The signs of economic healing in Europe and Japan along with the improved growth outlook for the U.S. should keep equity markets moving slightly higher with some fits and starts over significant tax policy changes in Japan and still a less than perfectly unified Europe which will create occasional tension.

First Quarter 2013 Update!

The quarterly blog is a little bit later than usual as I am always willing to defer the writing of the quarterly blog in favor of spending the time required for an existing investment in the portfolio or for the analysis of a promising new investment. As a result, these blogs occasionally get delayed, particularly, as one might expect, in the first quarter of 2013.

On risk adjusted basis the portfolio outperformed the major market indexes  including the S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEX,  A Wealth Preservation Index,  and a North American Balanced Index for the first quarter of 2013. The relative outperformance versus the Index can be attributed to asset allocation and security selection. Asset allocation contributed mainly to the  outperformance,  I decided to overweight US stocks since 2012,  current positions include COCA COLA CO, PAYCHEX INC, MCDONALDS , ELI LILLY & CO, PROCTER GAMBLE CO,  Johnson & Johnson and MERCK & CO INC to name a few. From an asset allocation perspective, I am maintaining a significant underweight in bonds.

Eli Lilly and Co

 

Eli Lilly and Co. is a leading maker of prescription drugs, offering a wide range of treatments for neurological disorders, diabetes, cancer and other conditions. Animal health products are also sold. Foreign drug sales accounted for about 46% of total revenues in 2012. Based on positive clinical developments in several important pipeline assets targeting diabetes, cancer and Alzheimer's disease, the stock has outperformed the S&P 500 Index and most of the Big Pharma stocks over the last year. Lilly recently filed ramucirumab for stomach cancer, and empagliflozin for type 2 diabetes, with three more Phase 3 assets to be submitted later this year. Relative to its size, Lilly holds a disproportionately high amount of potential blockbusters in Phase III development.  I continue to like the stock due to a robust catalysts profile relative to peers, pipeline optionality , and reasonable valuation.

 Portfolio Update

During the quarter, I eliminated the portfolio position in Chorus Aviation and added to the portfolio position in Enbridge Income Fund Holdings Inc.

 Chorus Aviation

Chorus Aviation is Air Canada's regional carrier providing domestic and transborder flights to Canadian and U.S. destinations. Chorus Aviation was formed in January 2001 when Air Canada combined its four regional carriers into one. Chorus Aviation operates as a separate business with its own management and union contracts..

 

I eliminated the portfolio position in Chorus Aviation in early January and took some modest profits including reinvested dividends.  Even though Chorus continues to generate healthy cash generation and sufficient free cash flow to more than adequately fund the $0.15 quarterly dividend, I became concern about  the upcoming decision in the arbitration relating to the benchmarking provisions within its Capacity Purchase Agreement  with Air Canada and decided to take a modest profit after a run up in the stock in January 2013.

2012 Yearend Update!

The quarterly blog is a little bit later than usual as I am always willing to defer the writing of the quarterly blog in favor of spending the time required for an existing investment in the portfolio or for the analysis of a promising new investment. As a result, these blogs occasionally get delayed, particularly, as one might expect, in a year as interesting as 2012.

On a risk adjusted basis the portfolio outperformed the major market indexes for 2012, even more satisflying the portfolio has never experienced a down quarter since inception and has adequate hedging in place as uncertainty regarding the fiscal cliff, the Eurozone crisis and China’s growth potential move back into focus.

Portfolio Update

 

During the quarter, I established positions in McDonald’s Corporation and Caterpillar both at or near its 52 week low.

 McDonald’s Corporation

 

McDonald’s Corporation is now 1.83% of the overall portfolio. McDonald’s makes money in principally two ways: first, by collecting an approximate 14%+ share of its franchisees’ revenues for the use of McDonald’s brand, a business coined “Brand McDonald’s” and second, by generating operating profits from a portfolio of company-operated stores. 

McDonald’s brand royalty business is one of the greatest businesses in the world because it generates an annuity-like revenue stream which can grow without the requirement for meaningful investment of capital from the company. Because the company’s revenue share comes from more than 32,000 different stores spread around the globe, it is an inherently stable, currency-hedged, inflation-protected stream of cash flow.  

Another underlying strength is McDonald's cohesive franchisee and affiliate system, which collectively operates 80% of the chain. This structure provides the firm an annuity like stream of rent and royalties even during challenging economic times with minimal corresponding capital needs. As a result, McDonald's generates excellent free cash flow and returns on invested capital in the mid- to high teens. These results are even more impressive when considering that the firm owns 45% of the land for its restaurants (more than $5 billion in land assets), meaning that the returns are generated on a higher invested capital base than most franchised restaurant chains.

 Caterpillar Inc.

Caterpillar Inc. is now 1% of the overall portfolio and is the world's dominant maker of construction and mining equipment, as well as a leading producer of diesel and gas engines, industrial turbines (essentially jet engines that power equipment and generate electricity), and locomotives. No competitor can match the breadth of Caterpillar's product line. Cat’s goal is simple: Ensure that customers make more money using Cat equipment than using competitors' equipment. Though Cat equipment generally costs more than anyone else's, the model requires it to be the least expensive over its lifetime, factoring in purchase price, maintenance costs, operating costs, uptime, life expectancy, and resale value. Dealers are key to these economics. A machine that breaks down can halt an entire job, and getting back under way in two hours rather than 48 hours means big money. Large, successful dealers that carry lots of parts, maintain skilled technicians, and move fast are thus a major selling point, and Cat's dealer network is the undisputed best in the business. Big, strong dealers help Cat sell the most machines; all those machines in the field bring dealers lots of revenue from parts and service, so much that they can survive in years when they don't sell any new machines at all; and that financial stability enables dealers to grow bigger, attracting even more customers, and build a larger base of machines that need to be serviced.

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Equities, while volatile, have marched higher over the past three-year recovery. Bonds, on the other hand, are almost pricing in a recession with 10-year yields at 1.73% in the US and 1.80% in Canada. Fed buying, deleveraging and a lack of investor confidence continue to put downward pressure on yields. While this disconnect between equities and bonds can be resolved in either of two ways, we believe there is greater risk owning bonds at these yields. From an asset allocation perspective, I am maintaining a significant underweight in bonds.

 

I decided to reduce my Canadian equity exposure in 2012 to source the cash. The European recession, slowdown in China and softness in many other emerging markets does not stack up well for commodity-focused markets like ours. Easy monetary policy has kept commodity prices elevated, but this does not substitute for real end-demand growth.